有机穴播农业详解

William Mason 06-02-2024
William Mason

耕作是指主要通过使用机械或人力工具挖掘、搅拌或翻动土壤,为农业生产准备土壤。

虽然耕作对土壤有好处,如改善通气性和加快土壤升温,但从长远来看,弊大于利。

长期使用商业犁耕技术会使土壤疏松,导致土壤裸露,没有任何有机物质。 深耕是造成土壤退化的最主要因素之一,最终会导致土壤肥力丧失。

免耕耕作技术通常需要 与传统犁耕不同,这种技术只在需要播种的地方进行挖掘。

不过,可以在两季之间进行窄幅翻耕,以便掺入肥料、堆肥或石灰,平衡土壤酸度。 本文介绍了有机免耕的各个方面,并与传统耕作方法进行了直接比较。

土壤健康

Hugelkultur 花圃的建造过程。 Hugelkultur 是免耕耕作和园艺的典范。 整个花圃在地面上建造,不破坏地下的天然土壤。

土壤健康取决于 微生物的活动水平 如真菌和细菌,它们对分解养分至关重要,这些养分随后可供植物使用。

不受干扰的土壤可以让这些有益的微生物茁壮成长,同时还能防止碳的流失,从而限制温室效应。

有机物的积累改善了土壤的内部结构,使其能够在一定面积的土地上种植更多的作物。

有机免耕法基本上不扰动土壤,而不像犁耕那样翻开表层,使土壤裸露在外。

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修复土壤和种植营养丰富的高产作物的无农药方法

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杂草控制

在有机免耕应用中,杂草管理可通过多种方法实现。

See_also: 为您的鸡群饲养 25 种毛茸茸的鸡

一些常见的方法包括 除草 或使用 覆盖作物 以抑制杂草生长。

不过,在使用覆盖作物时,需要对其进行卷边、切碎和滚动处理,以确保新种植的作物获得充足的养分、光照和水分。

其他替代品包括 土壤日晒 这就需要把土壤温度提高到大多数土传病原体无法忍受的程度。

虽然日晒对线虫、昆虫、螨虫和杂草有效,但也会破坏有益的真菌和细菌;采用这种方法的农民以后应重新引入这些有益的微生物,以改善土壤健康。

对成本、保水性和产量的影响

虽然免耕方法在许多方面对土壤有益,但研究农民如何从这种做法中获益也很重要。

犁耕之所以受到农民的欢迎,是因为它能让农场主播种更多的种子,同时还能抑制杂草的生长。

然而,从农民的角度来看,传统耕作成本高昂,因为在播种前要经过许多步骤。

See_also: 锹与铲--哪种最适合挖沟、花园、泥土和雪?

与耕作方法相比,零耕地可以让农民省去犁耕和耙地的程序,从而节省时间、燃料和劳动力资源。

此外,免耕法还能提高土壤的吸水和保水能力,从而提高产量,尤其是在干旱季节。

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使用纸板和堆肥的简单免耕法

免耕法的结论

长期坚持零耕地做法,有助于保持土壤结构的完整性,最大限度地保留地表作物残茬。

覆盖作物残留物的保留加上土壤结构的改善增强了对水的过滤,进而减少了径流,最终将土壤侵蚀降到最低。

在温室效应方面,有机免耕也比传统耕作方法更环保。

耕作会导致土壤中的碳排放到空气中,而采用零耕作则可以最大限度地减少这一问题。

William Mason

Jeremy Cruz is a passionate horticulturist and dedicated home gardener, known for his expertise in all things related to home gardening and horticulture. With years of experience and a deep love for nature, Jeremy has honed his skills and knowledge in plant care, cultivation techniques, and environmentally-friendly gardening practices.Having grown up surrounded by lush green landscapes, Jeremy developed an early fascination for the wonders of flora and fauna. This curiosity propelled him to pursue a Bachelor's degree in Horticulture from the renowned Mason University, where he had the privilege of being mentored by the esteemed William Mason – a legendary figure in the field of horticulture.Under the guidance of William Mason, Jeremy acquired an in-depth understanding of the intricate art and science of horticulture. Learning from the maestro himself, Jeremy imbibed the principles of sustainable gardening, organic practices, and innovative techniques that have become the cornerstone of his approach to home gardening.Jeremy's passion for sharing his knowledge and helping others inspired him to create the blog Home Gardening Horticulture. Through this platform, he aims to empower and educate aspiring and experienced home gardeners, providing them with valuable insights, tips, and step-by-step guides to create and maintain their own green oases.From practical advice onplant selection and care to addressing common gardening challenges and recommending the latest tools and technologies, Jeremy's blog covers a wide range of topics designed to cater to the needs of garden enthusiasts of all levels. His writing style is engaging, informative, and filled with an infectious energy that motivates readers to embark on their gardening journeys with confidence and enthusiasm.Beyond his blogging pursuits, Jeremy actively participates in community gardening initiatives and local gardening clubs, where he shares his expertise and fosters a sense of camaraderie among fellow gardeners. His commitment to sustainable gardening practices and environmental conservation extends beyond his personal endeavors, as he actively promotes eco-friendly techniques that contribute to a healthier planet.With Jeremy Cruz's deep-rooted understanding of horticulture and his unwavering passion for home gardening, he continues to inspire and empower people worldwide, making the beauty and benefits of gardening accessible to all. Whether you are a green thumb or just beginning to explore the joys of gardening, Jeremy's blog is sure to guide and inspire you on your horticultural journey.